Showing posts with label Immunotherapy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Immunotherapy. Show all posts
Tuesday, 1 January 2013
Thursday, 15 March 2012
A New Breakthrough, Immunotherapy, for Kidney Disease
In order to treat Kidney Disease more effectively, the cause of kidney disease is the first thing that should be known clearly. According to the latest research, the most basic cause of kidney disease is the abnormality of inherent immune system and backup immune system. Once both inherent immune system and backup immune system can now work normally, immune complex in body will not be able to be discharged out of body. What’s more, immune complex deposit in body can reach to kidney with blood circulation and then deposite in kidney because the surface of immune complex is suitable to the renal binding epitopes, thus accumulating to kidney tissue and causing damage to kidney gradually. When the damage in kidney progresses into a certain degree, a series of symptoms occur.
From the above, it is clear that only controlling the symptoms and removing the immune complex in kidney is not enough to treat kidney disease. The disease will be easily to reoccur even though the treatment effect is very good in a short period because immune complex will deposite in kidney again due to abnormal immune system function, which is also the basic reason why kidney disease is difficult to be treated and is easy to get relapse. Therefore, the most effective method to treat kidney disease should not only remove the immune complex in body, but also repair the abnormal immune system. Only in this way, kidney disease can be treated more effectively and there will be less relapse. Based on this condition, immunotherapy was researched out and applied in treating kidney disease.
Normally, immunotherapy can be divided into two main parts in treating kidney disease.
First is exact diagnosis. No medicine can be offered before making the correct diagnosis. At present, only a few testing methods are used to check kidney disease. If medicine is prescribed before exact diagnosis, the treatment will not be so targeted and as a result, the effect can also be not as good as we expected. Only offering treatment or medicine by experience will make patients cost more money and time. This may also make patients condition getting worse finally. Therefore, exact diagnosis is the most important and basic step during the treatment. Here the diagnosis not only referes to the kidney disorder, but also the immune system, such as the damage degree of immune system, the deposit position of immune complex and the damage degree caused by the immune complex, etc. Only by exact diagnosis, the treatment can be more targeted and the treatment effect can be much better.
The second part is some treatment methods in the whole immunotherapy, which includes immune blocking, immune tolerance, immune adjustment, immune protection as well as immune clearance.
The treatment for kidney disease should be comprehensive and systematic in order to get better effect. Therefore, the treatment methods that are needed in the whole immunotherapy procedure are cooperating and supporting each other mutually.
When immune complex deposite in kidney abnormally, it will cause damage to kidney, so the first thing should be done is to use some immunosuppressant to stop and block the further damage to kidney caused by immune complex.
After this, even though immune complex will not do harms to kidney, but the former deposited immune complex is still in kidney, so the next step is to make the kidney to become adaptive to the immune complex, which is called immune tolerance. Once kidney adapts the immune complex and the damaged condition caused by the immune complex, it will not mediate the inflammation reaction to the immune complex, which can avoid further damage in kidney caused by the inflammation reaction.
Immune adjustment is offered after immune tolerance in order to recover immune system to normal level, so immune complex will not appear again. By improving immune system, the ability of removing infectious agent of human body will also be improved at the same time.
The importance of immune protection is to prevent kidney disease progressing further after being controlled well. This needs patient have regular check on their body condition in order to take suppressant medicine according to patient individual illness condition. The main aim in this stage is to protect inherent renal cells and kidney tissue by inhibiting the abnormal immune reaction.
Immune clearance is to remove and eliminate the immune complex in body via immune clearance ability, which can prevent the illness condition aggravation and relapse effectively.
Normally, in treating kidney disease, medications to control symptoms and repair damaged kidney tissue and cells are necessary, but it is not enough. The most basic treatment should be started with recovering the immune system. Only immune system becomes normal, kidney disease can be treated more fundamentally.
From the above, it is clear that only controlling the symptoms and removing the immune complex in kidney is not enough to treat kidney disease. The disease will be easily to reoccur even though the treatment effect is very good in a short period because immune complex will deposite in kidney again due to abnormal immune system function, which is also the basic reason why kidney disease is difficult to be treated and is easy to get relapse. Therefore, the most effective method to treat kidney disease should not only remove the immune complex in body, but also repair the abnormal immune system. Only in this way, kidney disease can be treated more effectively and there will be less relapse. Based on this condition, immunotherapy was researched out and applied in treating kidney disease.
Normally, immunotherapy can be divided into two main parts in treating kidney disease.
First is exact diagnosis. No medicine can be offered before making the correct diagnosis. At present, only a few testing methods are used to check kidney disease. If medicine is prescribed before exact diagnosis, the treatment will not be so targeted and as a result, the effect can also be not as good as we expected. Only offering treatment or medicine by experience will make patients cost more money and time. This may also make patients condition getting worse finally. Therefore, exact diagnosis is the most important and basic step during the treatment. Here the diagnosis not only referes to the kidney disorder, but also the immune system, such as the damage degree of immune system, the deposit position of immune complex and the damage degree caused by the immune complex, etc. Only by exact diagnosis, the treatment can be more targeted and the treatment effect can be much better.
The second part is some treatment methods in the whole immunotherapy, which includes immune blocking, immune tolerance, immune adjustment, immune protection as well as immune clearance.
The treatment for kidney disease should be comprehensive and systematic in order to get better effect. Therefore, the treatment methods that are needed in the whole immunotherapy procedure are cooperating and supporting each other mutually.
When immune complex deposite in kidney abnormally, it will cause damage to kidney, so the first thing should be done is to use some immunosuppressant to stop and block the further damage to kidney caused by immune complex.
After this, even though immune complex will not do harms to kidney, but the former deposited immune complex is still in kidney, so the next step is to make the kidney to become adaptive to the immune complex, which is called immune tolerance. Once kidney adapts the immune complex and the damaged condition caused by the immune complex, it will not mediate the inflammation reaction to the immune complex, which can avoid further damage in kidney caused by the inflammation reaction.
Immune adjustment is offered after immune tolerance in order to recover immune system to normal level, so immune complex will not appear again. By improving immune system, the ability of removing infectious agent of human body will also be improved at the same time.
The importance of immune protection is to prevent kidney disease progressing further after being controlled well. This needs patient have regular check on their body condition in order to take suppressant medicine according to patient individual illness condition. The main aim in this stage is to protect inherent renal cells and kidney tissue by inhibiting the abnormal immune reaction.
Immune clearance is to remove and eliminate the immune complex in body via immune clearance ability, which can prevent the illness condition aggravation and relapse effectively.
Normally, in treating kidney disease, medications to control symptoms and repair damaged kidney tissue and cells are necessary, but it is not enough. The most basic treatment should be started with recovering the immune system. Only immune system becomes normal, kidney disease can be treated more fundamentally.
Sunday, 5 February 2012
How Does Backup Immune System Begin to Work?
Intrinsic Immune System is a systemic and harmonious body defense system and it plays fatal role in keeping human body in a healthy condition. Normally, people will get sick if the following two conditions occur: one is the amount of external harmful factors is more excessive than the eliminating ability of body intrinsic immune system and the other one is the immunity become lower even though the external harmful factors still stay in the same level.
No matter which condition occurs, intrinsic immune system will become abnormal, leading to disease appearance. Well then, what reaction will the body make in such condition? The most scientific one is that human body will activate the backup immune system as soon as the intrinsic immune system becomes abnormal. The first method is to activate the complement system to work together with intrinsic immune system. Complement System is always in a rest condition and it only begins to work when intrinsic immune system has abnormality. Therefore, we always think complement system is a kind of non-mainstream defense system, which is also the reason we call is alternative pathway of activating complement. This complement system also have a strong immunity once it is activated, cooperating with intrinsic immune system closely. The second method is to start the activation system of antigen presenting cell (APC). APC is a group of cells with high stimulation ability. APC can stimulate and activate the adaptive immune system through some specific method and the activation of this system is a kind of natural reaction of human body after intrinsic immune system disorder. The main acting method is to offer related information of disorder cells to adaptive immune system, activating T cell and B cell to work.
Actually, the above can also be described simply as the following sentences. When intrinsic immune system finds it is not enough to defense the harmful factors, it will release some immune stimulating factors to activate C3 which can play immunity of complement. On the other hand, intrinsic system will stimulate the APC, which provides abnormal cell antigen to adaptive immune system and then adaptive system can recognize them.
We call the above two activation procedure as immune response. Once immune response is started, all backup immune system enters into the immune reaction period. They work together with intrinsic cells to defense the disease. All the harmful factors will be eliminated after a period of cooperative work of intrinsic immune system can backup immune system, which also refers to the body condition from sick to health. We call this ability of self-returning health as the healing power of nature.
When human body returns to healthy condition, backup immune system begins to rest again and intrinsic immune system also begin to normal work independently gradually. This recovery ability we call it human body immune limit ability. Normal immune limit ability is important to help human body get rid of sick condition.
No matter which condition occurs, intrinsic immune system will become abnormal, leading to disease appearance. Well then, what reaction will the body make in such condition? The most scientific one is that human body will activate the backup immune system as soon as the intrinsic immune system becomes abnormal. The first method is to activate the complement system to work together with intrinsic immune system. Complement System is always in a rest condition and it only begins to work when intrinsic immune system has abnormality. Therefore, we always think complement system is a kind of non-mainstream defense system, which is also the reason we call is alternative pathway of activating complement. This complement system also have a strong immunity once it is activated, cooperating with intrinsic immune system closely. The second method is to start the activation system of antigen presenting cell (APC). APC is a group of cells with high stimulation ability. APC can stimulate and activate the adaptive immune system through some specific method and the activation of this system is a kind of natural reaction of human body after intrinsic immune system disorder. The main acting method is to offer related information of disorder cells to adaptive immune system, activating T cell and B cell to work.
Actually, the above can also be described simply as the following sentences. When intrinsic immune system finds it is not enough to defense the harmful factors, it will release some immune stimulating factors to activate C3 which can play immunity of complement. On the other hand, intrinsic system will stimulate the APC, which provides abnormal cell antigen to adaptive immune system and then adaptive system can recognize them.
We call the above two activation procedure as immune response. Once immune response is started, all backup immune system enters into the immune reaction period. They work together with intrinsic cells to defense the disease. All the harmful factors will be eliminated after a period of cooperative work of intrinsic immune system can backup immune system, which also refers to the body condition from sick to health. We call this ability of self-returning health as the healing power of nature.
When human body returns to healthy condition, backup immune system begins to rest again and intrinsic immune system also begin to normal work independently gradually. This recovery ability we call it human body immune limit ability. Normal immune limit ability is important to help human body get rid of sick condition.
Saturday, 4 February 2012
How Does Intrinsic Immune System Play Function?Ⅱ
Killer Cell
Killer Cell which is the close partner of phagocyte is also a huge assistant immune system. These Killer Cells do not only exist in blood, but also in body organs, playing function in recognizing and killing polluted cells, cancer cells as well as other kind of relatively big size pathogenic factors. Killer Cell cooperates with the phagocytes closely and maintaining the body internal environment clean and health mutually.
Megakaryocyte grows up in bone marrow and especially has the function of secreting platelet. In another word, the main function of Megakaryocyte is to secreting enough platelet, thus forming the blood coagulation mechanism. Mastocyte is originated from basophiles in bone marrow, playing the same function as normal basophiles in anaphylaxis of adaptive immune system. However, the appearance of this kind of cell is a little bit fat and the surface is also smooth. This kind of cells only combined with mucosa and connective tissue, existing only in such fibrous tissue. Besides, it is only related to anaphylaxis.
Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) also grows up and develops in bone system. When APC become mature, it will enter into lymphatic system and tissue system, playing function of transferring information especially. The main feature is its irregular shape and weak kill capability, but APC have very strong ability of transferring information. Therefore, we can consider it as world information. Its major job is to activate T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte by information stimulation. T lymphocyte is grown up in thymus while B lymphocyte is in bone marrow, and after they become mature, they began to enter into lymphatic system. When the intrinsic immune system works normally, both T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte are in relax condition. Only in the condition of intrinsic immune system working abnormally, APC will transfer information to the two kinds of cells and then T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte will begin to work after being activated.
Killer Cell which is the close partner of phagocyte is also a huge assistant immune system. These Killer Cells do not only exist in blood, but also in body organs, playing function in recognizing and killing polluted cells, cancer cells as well as other kind of relatively big size pathogenic factors. Killer Cell cooperates with the phagocytes closely and maintaining the body internal environment clean and health mutually.
Megakaryocyte grows up in bone marrow and especially has the function of secreting platelet. In another word, the main function of Megakaryocyte is to secreting enough platelet, thus forming the blood coagulation mechanism. Mastocyte is originated from basophiles in bone marrow, playing the same function as normal basophiles in anaphylaxis of adaptive immune system. However, the appearance of this kind of cell is a little bit fat and the surface is also smooth. This kind of cells only combined with mucosa and connective tissue, existing only in such fibrous tissue. Besides, it is only related to anaphylaxis.
Antigen Presenting Cell (APC) also grows up and develops in bone system. When APC become mature, it will enter into lymphatic system and tissue system, playing function of transferring information especially. The main feature is its irregular shape and weak kill capability, but APC have very strong ability of transferring information. Therefore, we can consider it as world information. Its major job is to activate T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte by information stimulation. T lymphocyte is grown up in thymus while B lymphocyte is in bone marrow, and after they become mature, they began to enter into lymphatic system. When the intrinsic immune system works normally, both T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte are in relax condition. Only in the condition of intrinsic immune system working abnormally, APC will transfer information to the two kinds of cells and then T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte will begin to work after being activated.
Wednesday, 1 February 2012
How Does Intrinsic Immune System Play Function?
The function of intrinsic immune system is based on the large quantity of immunocytes. Which can be divided into two kinds: one is phagocyte and the other one is Killer Cell. These two kinds of immunocytes have different functions when they are working normally. Phagocyte play its function by swallowing pathogenic factors in blood or body tissue and then digesting thee pathogenic factors gradually. Killer Cell plays its function in two parts. One is to kill cells that are affected by virus and it can also kill some cancer cells; the other function is to degrade relative large pathogenic factors that phagocyte can not swallow, which is helpful for phagocyte to play their function. Through this way, pathogenic factors in blood and body tissue can be eliminated more effectively, thus protecting the blood and body tissue in a clean condition.
Phagocyte cells can be divided into mononuclear phagocyte and multinuclear phagocyte according to the different karyomorphism. Mononuclear phagocyte includes mononuclear cell and macrophage which are both originated from bone marrow and all have the specific feature of phagocyte. However, mononuclear cell only exist in blood, but macrophage can be find in various body organs. Expert studied that there is also macrophage in kidneys.
Multinuclear phagocyte contains three kinds: Eosnophils which is especially to phagocytize eosinophilic dyes as well as parasitic infection and to join adaptive immune response; basophiles which plays function of phagocytizing basophilic dyes and joining the anaphylaxis of adaptive immune response; neutrophil that has strong effect on eliminating bacteria through phagocytizing bacteria and other pathogenic microorganism.
The above two kinds of immunocytes forms a huge phagocyte system, playing the function of maintaining blood clean, tissue clean as well as lymphatic system clean and body health condition.
Phagocyte cells can be divided into mononuclear phagocyte and multinuclear phagocyte according to the different karyomorphism. Mononuclear phagocyte includes mononuclear cell and macrophage which are both originated from bone marrow and all have the specific feature of phagocyte. However, mononuclear cell only exist in blood, but macrophage can be find in various body organs. Expert studied that there is also macrophage in kidneys.
Multinuclear phagocyte contains three kinds: Eosnophils which is especially to phagocytize eosinophilic dyes as well as parasitic infection and to join adaptive immune response; basophiles which plays function of phagocytizing basophilic dyes and joining the anaphylaxis of adaptive immune response; neutrophil that has strong effect on eliminating bacteria through phagocytizing bacteria and other pathogenic microorganism.
The above two kinds of immunocytes forms a huge phagocyte system, playing the function of maintaining blood clean, tissue clean as well as lymphatic system clean and body health condition.
Tuesday, 31 January 2012
Immune System
What is kidney disease? Kidney disease refers to a system of pathological change in kidney which is caused by the injury of renal intrinsic cells and renal tissue. Nearly more than 95% kidney disease is caused by the abnormal body immune system which means immunity disorder and immunity abnormality. In order to make sure about this point, having a clear idea about the immunity and immune function is necessary.
Immune means eliminating disease and immunity means the ability of preventing body from getting disease. While immune function refers to the function that immunity has played during the period of protecting body health. Normal immune system refers to the whole system of immune function that can protect body in a normal and health condition.
Well than, how does normal immune system play its function? Human body, as an organism, was born with a immune system naturally and we call it intrinsic immune system. Everybody has a strong immune system which plays significant role in preventing people from various diseases. Besides, in order to keep the safety of the intrinsic immune system, human body also builds a backup immune system which includes alternative pathway complement activating system and the other one is adaptive immune system.
Immune means eliminating disease and immunity means the ability of preventing body from getting disease. While immune function refers to the function that immunity has played during the period of protecting body health. Normal immune system refers to the whole system of immune function that can protect body in a normal and health condition.
Well than, how does normal immune system play its function? Human body, as an organism, was born with a immune system naturally and we call it intrinsic immune system. Everybody has a strong immune system which plays significant role in preventing people from various diseases. Besides, in order to keep the safety of the intrinsic immune system, human body also builds a backup immune system which includes alternative pathway complement activating system and the other one is adaptive immune system.
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